Painful Periods

Many women and people with a uterus experience painful periods, also known as dysmenorrhea, which can disrupt daily activities and impair quality of life. 

Symptoms of painful periods

Painful periods can present in various ways. The common symptoms of period pain are pain and cramping in the lower tummy. You may also get:

• Pain that may radiate to the lower back and thighs
• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhoea or loose stools
• Headaches
• Dizziness or lightheadedness

When to see a doctor

• If pain interferes with your daily activities or quality of life
• If over-the-counter pain relief is ineffective
• If you observe any unusual symptoms such as heavy bleeding or sudden, severe pain.

Diagnosis

If you suffer from severe or persistent menstrual pain, it's advisable to seek professional medical advice. A doctor may:

• Take a detailed medical history to identify patterns and potential underlying causes
• Perform a pelvic examination to detect abnormalities
• Request imaging tests, such as an ultrasound, to view reproductive organs
• Conduct other diagnostic procedures like laparoscopy if conditions such as endometriosis are suspected

There are 2 types of painful periods; pain without a known cause (primary dysmenorrhoea) and pain with a known cause (secondary dysmenorrhoea). The most common cause of secondary dysmenorrhoea is endometriosis. Other causes can include pelvic inflammatory disease and ovarian cysts. 

Treatment options

Treatment depends on the reason for the pain. For primary dysmenorrhoea most pain can be treated and managed at home with self-care and pain relief or contraceptive medicines. 

Medical treatments:

• Pain relievers: NSAIDs like ibuprofen or naproxen are commonly prescribed to reduce menstrual pain and inflammation.
• Hormonal birth control: Oral contraceptives, patches, or hormonal IUDs can lessen period pain by regulating or even stopping menstruation.
• Prescription medications: For severe cases, a doctor may prescribe stronger pain relief or recommend medications to address specific underlying conditions.

For secondary dysmenorrhoea the treatment depends on the underlying cause.

Self-care options:

• Heat therapy: Applying a heating pad or hot water bottle to the lower abdomen can alleviate cramps.
• Exercise: Regular physical activity promotes endorphin release, which can naturally reduce pain.
• Diet: A balanced diet low in fat and high in fruits and vegetables may help reduce symptoms.
• Hydration: Staying well-hydrated can help minimise bloating and discomfort.
• Relaxation techniques: Practices such as yoga, meditation, and deep-breathing exercises can help reduce stress and reduce pain.

Conclusion

While painful periods are common, effective management strategies are available to help you live more comfortably. If you find that your period pain is impacting your life, it's crucial to consult with a healthcare professional to explore suitable treatment options. By recognising your symptoms, seeking proper care, and utilising self-help strategies, you can significantly improve your menstrual health and overall wellbeing.

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