Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)

Bacterial Vaginosis is a common vaginal infection caused by an imbalance in the natural bacteria found in the vagina. It's characterised by an overgrowth of certain bacteria, leading to symptoms such as unusual discharge, odour, and discomfort.

Symptoms

• Unusual vaginal discharge: Thin, white or grey discharge.
• Fishy odour: Particularly noticeable after sexual intercourse.
• Vaginal itching: Sometimes accompanied by irritation.
• Burning sensation: Especially noticeable during urination.

Note: Some women may not experience any symptoms.

Risk factors

• Multiple sexual partners: It's not known if it's sexually transmitted but it's more common if you have sex with more than one person and often develops after sex with a new partner.
• Douching: using soapy water or other products to clean inside their vagina which disrupts the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina.
• Antibiotic use: Can reduce levels of healthy bacteria.
• Intrauterine Device (IUD): Some studies suggest a link between IUDs and BV.
• Smoking

When to see a doctor

• If you notice unusual discharge, odour, or discomfort.
• If symptoms persist after completing treatment.
• If you experience symptoms during pregnancy

Diagnosis

• Medical history: Discussion about symptoms and sexual health.
• Pelvic examination: Physical examination of the vagina.
• Lab tests: Swabbing of vaginal discharge and other tests to assess bacterial balance.

If you do have bacterial vaginosis, ask if you can have a full sexual health check as it is common to have chlamydia or other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) at the same time.

Treatment

• Antibiotics: Prescribed by a healthcare provider and can be taken orally or as a vaginal cream/gel. Common medications prescribed include Metronidazole (Flagyl) and Clindamycin (Cleocin)

Note: It's essential to complete the full course of antibiotics even if symptoms improve. Do not self-treat with over-the-counter medications that are not prescribed for BV.

Prevention and self-care

• Safe sexual practices: Use condoms and limit the number of sexual partners.
• Avoid douching: This practice disrupts normal bacterial balance.
• Probiotics: Some studies suggest that probiotics can help maintain a healthy vagina.
• Proper hygiene: Wash the genital area with mild soap and warm water. Avoid harsh soaps and scented products.

Potential complications

Most people don't get any long-term consequences but it can be associated with pregnancy problems, pelvic infections and other sexually transmitted infections.

• Increased risk of STIs: Including HIV.
• Pregnancy complications: BV has been associated with preterm birth and low birth weight in pregnant women.
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): BV can increase the risk of developing PID, which can lead to infertility.